Waveguide Slot Antenna Arrays

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Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna Theory Analysis And Design

This example shows how to analyze the performance of a slotted waveguide antenna.

Define parameters and Create a slotted waveguide

The resulting sidelobe level (SLL) for antenna arrays is related to the excitations of the individual elements. In SWAs, the excitation of each slot is proportional to its conductance. For the case of longitudinal slots in the broadwall of a waveguide, the slot conductance varies with its displacement from the broadface centerline 6. Especially today with the desire to make antennas for aircraft as low profile as possible to reduce drag and conserve fuel, slot antenna arrays can be positioned above wings and on top of the fuselage while having the capability to look toward the horizon.

Longitudinal Linear Traveling Wave Slotted Waveguide

The array consists of radiating slots of different electrical lengths. Due to inherent property, each of them will resonate at their own individual resonance frequency. If the slot length and positions are chosen in such a way that the lower cut-off frequency and higher cut-off frequency of the nth slot overlaps with the higher and lower cut-off frequencies of the (n-1)th and (n+1)th slots respectively, then the complete array is expected to give a wide band response resulting in log-periodic dipole array. Slot Offset on broad wall slots are parallel to the waveguide centerline and they are blocking the transversal current components on the waveguide's broad wall. The polarization of these slots is vertical when the waveguide is held parallel to the ground and the transversal current component is zero on the centerline of the broad wall, however, if one slot moves closer to the narrow walls, the transversal current component increases. Therefore, the radiation amplitude of these slots increases as they move away from the centerline and that is why they are called offset slots. This is the most widely used slot type and this design is taken from [1].

Plot Reflection Coefficient

Plot the reflection coefficient for this antenna over the frequency band of 10GHz to 12GHz and a reference impedance of 50 ohms.

Radiation pattern

The most significant effect to be considered in the design process are internal and external mutual coupling between slots. The internal mutual couplings are caused by the partial reflections of the incident electromagnetic wave from succeeding slots in a waveguide. These partial reflections cause a considerable displacement of the EM field inside the waveguide.

Create custom slots in waveguide

a) Transverse Slots array

Transverse slots result in a very high value of their normalized resistance and they cannot be matched to the characteristic waveguide impedance. So, they have no practical importance.

b) X shape slots creation

The cross(X) slots can generate a circular polarized wave with a good axial ratio performance. The slots are oriented to form an orthogonal pair of slots which eventually generate a circular polarized wave. The theory of cross slots also suggests that the slots should be ideally equal to half of the free space wavelength.

Conclusion